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The backwardness model is a theory of economic growth created by Alexander Gerschenkron. The model postulates that the more backward an economy is at the outset of economic development, the more likely certain conditions are to occur. The more backward the economy Gerschenkron adamantly refused to define how backwardness could be measured, but alluded to its existence along a northwest-to-southeast axis in Europe during its history, with the United Kingdom at one extreme, being the least backward country at the outset of its economic development, and the Balkan countries and Russia at the other extreme, being the most backward country at the outset of its economic development, and Germany lying somewhere between the two. The backwardness model is often contrasted with the Rostovian take-off model developed by W.W. Rostow, which presents a more linear and structuralist model of economic growth, planning it out in defined stages. The two models are not mutually exclusive, however, and many countries appear to follow both models rather adequately.
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