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Holstein (IPA&_160;['h?l?tain]) (Low German Holsteen, Danish Holsten, Latin and historical English Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany. Holstein once existed as the County of Holstein (German Grafschaft Holstein), the later Duchy of Holstein (German Herzogtum Holstein), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig. The capital of Holstein is Kiel. Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood". Holstein, essentially the part of Old Saxony that was situated north of the river Elbe, was conquered by Charlemagne ca. 800. It was a county from 1111–1474; it was first a fief of the Duchy of Saxony, then of the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, and finally of the Bishopric of Lübeck.
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