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Abu Merwan ’Abdal-Malik ibn Zuhr (Arabic ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ) (also known as Ibn Zuhr, Avenzoar, Abumeron or Ibn-Zohr) (1091–1161) was an Arab Muslim physician, pharmacist, surgeon, parasitologist, Islamic scholar, and teacher. He was born in Seville, and studied at the University of Córdoba. He belonged to the Banu Zuhr family, which produced five generations of physicians, including two female physicians who served the Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur.[1] Ibn Zuhr was also the teacher of Averroes. He began his medical practice and training under his father, Abu l-Ala Zuhr(d 1131).[2] Around 1130, he fell out of favour of with the Almoravid ruler, Ali bin Yusuf bin Tashufin, and fled from Seville. He was however, apprehended and jailed in Marrakesh. Later in 1147 when the Almohad dynasty conquered that Seville, he returned and devoted himself to medical practice and teaching.[2] He died at Seville in 1161. He is considered as the father of experimental surgery,[3] for introducing the experimental method into surgery,[4] introducing the methods of human dissection and autopsy,[5] inventing the surgical procedure of tracheotomy,[6] performing the first parenteral nutrition of humans with a silver needle, discovering the cause of scabies and inflammation, and refutating of the theory of four humours.
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