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London (pronunciation&_160;(help·info); IPA /'l?nd?n/) is the capital and largest urban area of both England and the United Kingdom. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans.^[5] Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival.^{[citation needed]} The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis that has developed around it.^[6] Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England^[7] and the Greater London administrative area,^[8] with its own elected mayor and assembly.^[9]

London is one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres^[10] and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts contribute to its status as a major global city.^{[11][12][13][14]} Central London is the headquarters of more than half of the UK's top 100 listed companies (the FTSE 100) and over 100 of Europe's 500 largest companies. The city is a major tourist destination both for domestic and overseas visitors, with annual expenditure by tourists of around £15 billion.

London boasts four World Heritage Sites the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church; the Tower of London; the historic settlement of Greenwich; and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.^[15]

London's population draws from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, and over 300 languages are spoken within the city.^[16] As of 2006, it had an official population of 7,512,400 within the boundaries of Greater London^[2] and is the most populous municipality in the European Union.^[17] As of 2001, the Greater London Urban Area had a population of 8,278,251^[3] and the metropolitan area is estimated to have a total population of between 12 and 14&_160;million.^{[citation needed]} The public transport network, administered by Transport for London, is one of the most extensive in the world, and Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic.

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