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Monaco  /'m?n?ko?/ (help·info), officially the Principality of Monaco (French Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Principatu de Múnegu; Italian Principato di Monaco; Occitan Principat de Mónegue) is a small sovereign city-state located in Western Europe. The territory lies on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and is completely enclosed by France. Monaco is often regarded as a tax haven, and many of its inhabitants are wealthy and from foreign countries making up a majority of the population, at around 84%.[3] Monaco is a Constitutional Monarchy and Principality with Prince Albert II as head of state. The Grimaldi family has ruled over Monaco since 1297 and the state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861. Despite being independent, Monaco’s defense is still the responsibility of France. Monaco is the world’s most densely populated sovereign country, and the world's smallest French-speaking country. Monaco is the second smallest principality in Europe, and the distinction between the State and City of Monaco is purely theoretical. The state in fact consists of only one municipality (commune). According to the constitution of 1911, the principality was subdivided into three municipalities
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