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Murmansk (Russian ??ยด??????; Northern Sami Murmanska; Skolt Sami Muurman) is a city and seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12&_160;km from the Barents Sea on the northern shore of the Kola Peninsula, not far from Russia's borders with Norway and Finland. Murmansk is the administrative centre of Murmansk Oblast. The port remains ice-free year round due to the warm North Atlantic drift ocean current and is an important fishing and shipping port. Its satellite, Severomorsk, is an important navy base for the Russian Navy. It is home port to Atomflot, the world's only fleet of nuclear-powered ice breakers. [1] [2] Murmansk is the largest city north of the Arctic Circle. Population 336,137 (2002 Census);[3] 468,039 (1989 Census).[4] Murmansk was the last town founded in the Russian Empire. The Murman is a traditional Pomor name for the Barents Sea and derives from the Old Russian word for Norwegians, "murmane", which is cognate to English "Normans".[5]
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