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Harmal (Peganum harmala) is a plant of the family Nitrariaceae, native from the eastern Mediterranean region east to India. It is also known as Syrian Rue, an inaccurate name, since it is not in the rue (Ruta, Rutaceae) family. It is a perennial plant which can grow to about 0.8&_160;m tall,[2] but normally it is about 0.3&_160;m tall.[3] The roots of the plant can reach a depth of up to 6.1&_160;m, if the soil it is growing in is very dry.[3] It blossoms between June and August in the Northern Hemisphere.[4] The flowers are white and are about 2.5–3.8&_160;cm in diameter.[4] The round seed capsules measure about 1–1.5&_160;cm in diameter,[5] have three chambers and carry greater than 50 seeds.[4] In Turkey Peganum harmala is called yüzerlik or üzerlik. Dried capsules from this plant are strung and hung in homes or vehicles to protect against "the evil eye." In Iran, dried capsules (known in Persian as ????? espænd or ????????? esfænd-daneh) - mixed with other ingredients - are burnt so as to produce a light, distinctly scented smoke or incense. It is used as an air as well as mind purifier - perhaps linked to its entheogenic properties - and mostly as a charm against "the evil eye". This Persian practice dates to pre-Islamic, Zoroastrian times.
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