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Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. “Penicillin” is also the informal name of a specific member of the penicillin group Penam Skeleton, which has the molecular formula R-C9H11N2O4S, where R is a variable side chain. The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928. The development of penicillin for use as a medicine is attributed to the Australian Nobel Laureate Howard Walter Florey. However, several others reported the bacteriostatic effects of Penicillium earlier than Fleming. The first published reference appears to have been in 1875, in the Royal Society in London by John Tyndall.[1] Ernest Duchesne documented it in his 1897 paper which was not accepted by the Institut Pasteur because of his young age. In March 2000, doctors at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in San José, Costa Rica published the manuscripts of the Costa Rican scientist and medical doctor Clodomiro (Clorito) Picado Twight (1887–1944). They reported Picado's observations on the inhibitory actions of fungi of the genus Penic between 1915 and 1927. Picado reported his discovery to the Paris Academy of Sciences, yet did not patent it, even though his investigations started years before Fleming's.
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