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Provençal (Provençau) is one of several dialects of Occitan spoken by a minority of people in southern France, mostly in Provence. In the English-speaking world, "Provençal" is often used to refer to all dialects of Occitan, but it actually refers specifically to the dialect spoken in Provence, as well as in the southern portion of the Dauphiné, the Nîmes region in Languedoc, and the upper valleys of Piedmont, Italy (Val Maira, Val Varacha, Val d'Estura, Entraigas, Limon, Vinai, Pignerol, Sestriera). The Aranese language, a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language is spoken in the Aran Valley, in northwestern Catalonia. Outside Europe, the language is spoken mainly in California, with small Provençal-speaking communities found in the northern counties of Tehama, Siskiyou, Napa, Alpine and Mono (most notably in the town of Chalfant Valley)[citation needed]. There are also small numbers of speakers found in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara counties in Southern California[citation needed]. "Provençal" is also the customary name given to the older version of the langue d'oc used by the troubadours of medieval literature, corresponding to Old French or langue d'oil of the northern areas of France.
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