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A statistic (singular) is the result of applying a function (statistical algorithm) to a set of data. More formally, statistical theory defines a statistic as a function of a sample where the function itself is independent of the sample's distribution the term is used both for the function and for the value of the function on a given sample. A statistic is distinct from an unknown statistical parameter, which is not computable from a sample. A key use of statistics is as estimators in statistical inference, to estimate parameters of a distribution given a sample. For instance, the sample mean is a statistic, while the population mean is a parameter. In the calculation of the arithmetic mean, for example, the algorithm consists of summing all the data values and dividing this sum by the number of data items. Thus the arithmetic mean is a statistic, which is frequently used as an estimator for the generally unobservable population mean parameter.
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