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In telecommunication, telephony (pronounced /t?'l?f?ni/ or teh-LEH-fuh-nee) encompasses the general use of equipment to provide voice communication over distances, specifically by connecting telephones to each other.

Telephones originally were connected directly together in pairs. Each user had separate telephones wired to the various places he might wish to reach. This became inconvenient when people wanted to talk to many other telephones, so the telephone exchange was invented. Each telephone could then be connected to other local ones, thus inventing the local loop and the telephone call. Soon, nearby exchanges were connected by trunk lines, and eventually distant ones were as well.

In modern times, most telephones are plugged into telephone jacks. Each jack is connected by inside wiring to a drop wire and then to a cable with other wires. Cables usually bring a large number of wires from all over a district access network to one wire center or telephone exchange. When the user of a telephone wants to make a telephone call, equipment at the exchange examines the dialed telephone number and connects that telephone line to another in the same wire center, or to a trunk to a distant exchange. Most of the exchanges in the world are connected to each other, forming the Public Switched Telephone Network or PSTN. By the end of the 20th century almost all were Stored Program Control exchanges.

CTI is not a new concept. Such links have been used in the past in large telephone networks but only dedicated call centers could justify the costs of the required equipment installation. Primary telephone service providers are offering information services such as Automatic Number Identification and Dialed Number Identification Service on a scale wide enough for its implementation to bring real value to business or residential telephone usage. A new generation of applications (middleware) is being developed as a result of standardization and availability of low cost computer telephony links.

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