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Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest human industries. The oldest known textiles date back to about 5000 B.C. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving, which turns yarn into cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. For decoration, the process of coloring yarn or the finished material is dyeing. Typical textile processing includes 4 stages yarn formation, fabric formation, wet processing, and fabrication. The three main types of fibers include natural vegetable fibers (such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp), man-made fibers (those made artificially, but from natural raw materials such as rayon, acetate, Modal, cupro, and the more recently developed Lyocell), synthetic fibers (a subset of man-made fibers, which are based on synthetic chemicals rather than arising from natural chemicals by a purely physical process) and protein based fibers (such as wool, silk, and angora). This description is based on the assumption that wool is the fiber being used. For hand-spinning most of the fiber spun is wool, or a blend containing wool. Most animal hair fiber is handled with only a few modifications to the below description. Plant fibers are prepared for spinning very differently.
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