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The University of Wroclaw (Polish Uniwersytet Wroclawski; German Universität Breslau; Latin Universitas Wratislaviensis) is one of nine universities in Wroclaw, Poland. The town council established the university in the 16th century; King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary signed the foundation deed. Due to fierce opposition from the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, however, the new academic institution was soon closed. After 200 years, around 1702, Emperor Leopold I founded a small Jesuit academy on the same premises and named it, after himself, the Leopoldine Academy. After Silesia was incorporated into Prussia during the Silesian Wars, the Academy was merged with the Protestant Viadrina University, previously located in Frankfurt (Oder). From the two, the Universitatis Literarum Vratislaviensis, which had been named Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau in 1809, was formed and established August 3, 1811. At first it had five faculties philosophy, medicine, law, Protestant theology, and Catholic theology. The university developed very rapidly in the second half of the 19th century, when it was then called the University of Breslau (Universität Breslau). At that time, numerous internationally renowned and historically notable scholars lectured at the university, including Johann Dirichlet, Ferdinand Cohn and Gustav Kirchhoff.
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