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Vietnam (pronounced /?vi??t'n??m, ?vj?t-/; Vietnamese Vi?t Nam), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese C?ng hòa xã h?i ch? nghia Vi?t Nam; [ko?? h?a?? sa??? hoi? t?u??? ?i???? v??t? nam?]), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world. The people of Vietnam regained independence and broke away from China in 938 AD after their victory at the Battle of B?ch Ð?ng River (938). Successive dynasties flourished along with geographic and political expansion deeper into Southeast Asia, until it was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Efforts to resist the French eventually led to their expulsion from the country in the mid-20th century, leaving a nation divided politically into two countries. Fighting between the two sides continued during the Vietnam War, ending with a communist victory in 1975. Emerging from this prolonged military engagement, the war-ravaged nation was politically isolated. The government’s centrally planned economic decisions hindered post-war reconstruction and its treatment of the losing side engendered more resentment than reconciliation. In 1986, it instituted economic and political reforms and began a path towards international reintegration. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with most nations. Its economic growth had been among the highest in the world in the past decade. These efforts culminated in Vietnam joining the World Trade Organization in 2007 and its successful bid to become a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council in 2008. Through the centuries, Vietnam has been called by many different names Van Lang during the Hùng Vuong Dynasty, Âu L?c during the An Duong Vuong dynasty, Van Xuan during the Anterior Lý Dynasty, Ð?i C? Vi?t during the Ðinh dynasty and Anterior Lê Dynasty. Starting in 1054, Vietnam was called Ð?i Vi?t (Great Viet). During the H? Dynasty, Vietnam was called Ð?i Ngu (Hán t? ? ?). Then, in 1804, King Gia Long planned to use the name of Nam Vi?t for Vietnam then changed it to Vi?t Nam. In English, the two words are combined into one word, "Vietnam". From 1839 to 1945, Emperor Minh M?ng renamed Vi?t Nam to Ð?i Nam (literally "Great South").
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